LESSON 2.2: The Three Core Models You Should Know

Calgary-Cambridge Model (Silverman, Kurtz & Draper, 1996)

The most comprehensive and evidence-based model. Five stages with two threads (building the relationship + providing structure) running throughout:

Initiating the session — establish rapport, identify reasons for attendance

Gathering information — explore problems using open-to-closed questioning, listen actively

Physical examination — (not applicable in SCA)

Explanation and planning — provide correct information, achieve shared understanding

Closing the session — summarise, agree on plan, safety net

Neighbour’s Inner Consultation (1987)

Connecting — establish rapport and connection

Summarising — get to the point; elicit ICE; summarise back

Handing over — transition to management; share responsibility with the patient

Safety netting — “What if I’m wrong?” — provide guidance on when to return

Housekeeping — manage your own emotions; prepare for the next patient

Pendleton’s Model (1984)

Introduced the concept of ICE (Ideas, Concerns, Expectations) and seven patient-centred tasks:

Define the reason for attendance, including the patient’s perspective (ICE)

Consider other problems (don’t tunnel-vision)

Choose an appropriate action for each problem with the patient

Achieve a shared understanding of the problems

Involve the patient in the management plan

Use time and resources appropriately

Establish and maintain a relationship with the patient